CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia

Evaluation of Carica Papaya Seed Activated Carbon as Basic Catalyst Support: Extent and Base Concentration

2024-11-01T07:05:11+00:00

Carica Papaya or Papaya seed is one of the abundant agricultural residues that contain carbon atoms. This study evaluated the role of activated carbon as essential catalyst support. Papaya seeds were dried, crushed, and activated using sulfuric acid. After being chemically activated, carbon was physically activated through heating. At 110 ºC. The synthesized activated carbon was then impregnated with NaOH for contact time variation (180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes) with varying alkaline concentrations (30, 40, 50, and 60%). The synthesized supported catalyst on activated carbon was morphologically characterized through SEM. Additionally, the structure and elemental composition of the supported catalyst were analyzed with EDX. It was found that morphologically, concentration enhanced NaOH dispersion onto activated carbon in positive means with a 20% NaOH concentration increase by 0.6%. On the other hand, impregnation time displayed a maximum point, after which the impregnation process did not proceed significantly from 240 to 360 minutes by 1.25%. Moreover, impregnated activated carbon also presented an identical trend, with Sodium and Oxygen substances being impregnated in the same manner for both impregnation parameter variations. On top of that, the structure analysis through XRD depicted the potential heterogeneous solid catalytic performance of NaOH supported with activated carbon from papaya seed. The findings showed that activated carbon from Papaya seed with NaOH impregnation has the potential for Biodiesel production as a heterogeneous catalyst.

Energy Management and Conservation Industrial and Building Sectors: A Review

2024-06-29T09:38:02+00:00

Energy conservation is essential in tackling the rising worldwide energy consumption, particularly in the industrial and construction sectors. This study examines critical ways to reduce energy usage by altering user behavior, eliminating energy waste, and implementing efficient technologies. The industrial sector, responsible for a substantial share of worldwide energy consumption, can realize cost savings and enhanced profitability by adopting Energy Management Systems (EMS) and efficiency initiatives. Innovations in the construction industry, including thermal insulation, LED lighting, and efficient HVAC systems, yield substantial energy savings, as seen by case studies of commercial buildings and hotels. Furthermore, successful programs like renewable energy integration and sophisticated energy management systems illustrate the economic and environmental advantages of energy saving.

The Effect of Coffee Dregs Addition on the Manufacture of Corn Cob Briquettes with Variation of Adhesive Type

2024-08-24T06:55:25+00:00

Energy demand is rising while the availability of fossil fuels is declining. In order to reduce the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to utilize biomass energy as an alternative. Agricultural waste, such as corn cobs and husks, is used as raw materials for making briquettes. This study uses the carbonization method to convert raw materials into charcoal. Tapioca flour and sago flour are used as binders in the briquettes. Evaluation for calorific value, ash content, and moisture content are performed according to SNI 01-6235-2000. The research results show that briquettes made from a 50% ratio of corn cobs and coffee husks with sago flour as a binder have a moisture content of 4.93%, ash content of 2.22%, and calorific value of 5404.27 cal/gram.

Analysis of Virgin Coconut Oil and Its Potential in Food, Nutrition, and Health

2024-12-02T01:55:23+00:00

Virgin coconut oil (VCO), renowned for its exceptional nutritional and therapeutic properties, has garnered significant interest as a functional food and health supplement. Coconut trees (Cocos nucifera L.) play a vital role in the livelihoods of millions of farmers in Indonesia and are a source of highly valuable products, including VCO. This study analyzes VCO’s composition, quality, and safety to optimize its food, nutrition, and health applications. The research involved processing coconut kernels into oil and conducting a series of tests at an accredited laboratory, including peroxide value analysis, fatty acid profiling, and microbiological assessments. The results demonstrate that the VCO produced in this study has a peroxide value of 0.08 mEq O2/kg and a moisture content of 0%, indicating high stability and excellent quality. Fatty acid analysis revealed a high content of saturated fatty acids (92.505%), particularly lauric acid, known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Microbiological tests confirmed the absence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp., as well as heavy metals like lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), ensuring safety for consumption. In conclusion, the findings highlight VCO’s superior quality, stability, and safety, underscoring its potential as a functional food ingredient and health supplement. Further research is recommended to explore its applications in nutraceutical formulations and advanced studies on its bioactive compounds.

Parameter Screening of Remazol Black Extraction from Liquid Waste Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane

2024-08-24T07:38:15+00:00

The textile industry generates substantial liquid waste, primarily containing stable and toxic dye compounds that persist in aquatic environments, posing severe ecological and health risks. Among these, Remazol Black is a commonly used anionic dye known for its resistance to degradation. This study investigates the use of emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technology, employing waste cooking oil as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based diluents, for the extraction of Remazol Black dye from wastewater. The ELM process utilizes Span 80 as a surfactant and Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA as carrier agents, along with NaOH as a stripping agent, to encapsulate and transport dye molecules effectively. Key parameters, including treat ratio, solute concentration, and surfactant concentration, were screened to determine their impact on extraction efficiency. Results indicate that increasing the treat ratio enhances extraction efficiency, reaching up to 96.4% at a 1:2 ratio, while higher solute concentrations further improve dye removal. However, an increase in surfactant concentration beyond 1% reduced efficiency due to emulsion stability issues. This study highlights the potential of ELM technology with waste-derived materials for effective dye removal, providing a foundation for scalable, environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solutions.

Converting Biomass into Biofuel using Production Techniques: A Review

2024-12-09T06:14:11+00:00

Biomass is a widely popular form of renewables as an alternative to fossil fuels, the dwindling oil resources and the escalation of environmental issues related to climate change. Biofuel has gained great importance as a source of bioenergy due to its two characteristics: sustainability and renewal. The biomass abundantly available in nature can be converted into various types of biofuel. This review provides a summary of biomass and its sources, as well as types of biofuels, their generations and technologies for producing biomass (Thermochemical, Biochemical, Biological, Physical, Ultrasonic, Microwave, Nanotechnology) discussing competitive benefits, disadvantages of these technologies and the conversion of biomass and their potential environmental impacts, in addition to clarifying biofuel products, which included production of bioethanol, biomethanol they can be used fuel for internal combustion vehicles, transportation and industry for their role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing biodiesel, which is considered a good alternative to petroleum diesel. Biogas is not used as fuel unless modified, and future research can be directed towards marketing sustainable biofuel.

Comparison of Syngas Gasification Results of Teak Sawdust and Mahogany Sawdust

2025-02-14T02:22:21+00:00

Indonesia has many sources of biomass. Biomass is an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly, economical, and renewable. The gasification process can be the process of converting biomass into energy. Gasification is a technology for converting solid materials into syngas (CO, H2, and CH4) for fuel. Wood sawdust from furniture processing is biomass that can be used as raw material for gasification in this study. This study aimed to determine the syngas concentration from the gasification of teak sawdust and to compare it with the syngas from the gasification of mahogany sawdust. The stages of the research method start from drying raw materials in the sun, weighing raw materials with varied masses, gasifying raw materials with variations in the mass of raw materials, taking samples of gas products, analyzing gas products to determine levels of syngas (CO, CH4, and H2). The results showed that teak sawdust can be converted into gas fuel or syngas through gasification. Syngas from teak sawdust has more CO content by 16.75% than mahogany sawdust by 8.135%. Syngas from mahogany sawdust has more H2 content by 17.47% than syngas from teak sawdust by 6.615%.