CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia

Comparison of Carriers in Anthocyanin Smart Packaging from Water Hyacinth Flower for Soy Milk Freshness

Sat, 02 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dairy products are highly susceptible to quality degradation caused by environmental conditions. The quality of soy milk is an important factor to consider before consumption. The extract of anthocyanins from water hyacinth flowers has the potential to be used as a natural indicator due to its good sensitivity to pH. The selection of the type of carrier used is also an important factor in the quality of the indicator label. This study used two types of carriers: starch and cellulose. The testing parameters included organoleptic tests, moisture absorption capacity, FTIR characterization, and indicator label testing over 48 hours. The test results showed that the indicator label was able to detect pH changes in soy milk. At pH 9 both starch and cellulose carriers showed significant color changes, especially at 40°C, with starch showing better visual intensity. In addition, FTIR test results showed absorption bands at 1416 cm-1 (C=C group) and 1646 cm-1 (C=O group) for the starch carrier demonstrating that the starch carrier has more intense absorption bands compared to cellulose. Therefore, starch carrier is more effective as a smart packaging indicator label compared to cellulose carrier.

Exploring Isotherm Models for the Efficient Adsorption of Remazol Yellow on Polymer-Based Adsorbents

Sat, 02 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Remazol yellow is type of azo dyes that is widely used in the textile industry. This dye contains a benzene group which is toxic and carcinogenic, besides this type of dye can also cloud and inhibit the process of photosynthesis in waters. The need for dye waste treatment before being discharged into the environment. This study aims to determine the isothermal approach that occurs in the adsorption of remazol yellow on quaternary ammonium polymers with a variation of time 10-60 minutes, temperature of 25-70 ° C, and initial concentration of 10-50 ppm. The filtrate from the adsorption will be calculated using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer instrument, and the residue will be characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). An analysis of the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal model approaches was carried out. Based on the calculation results, the adsorption process is carried out according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a linearity value of 1. The macropore size at optimum time and optimum temperature is 0.34-1.35 µm, and 0.33-1.43 µm, respectively. The union size at optimum time and optimum temperature is 0.48-1.14 µm, and 0.45-1.18 µm, respectively

Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Magnesium Phosphate (CaMg(HPO4)2) Nanoparticle Material Made from Dolomite

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dolomite is a mineral with potential as an alternative material to enhance fertilizer quality. Traditional fertilizers often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency, as much of the applied nutrients are lost before being absorbed by plants, leading to economic and environmental losses. Nanofertilizers offer a solution by increasing nutrient uptake efficiency due to their small particle size and large surface area. This study aims to characterize calcium magnesium phosphate nanoparticles synthesized from dolomite and evaluate their elemental solubility in water. The synthesis involved dissolving dolomite at five different weights (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 grams) and reacting it with varying volumes of disodium phosphate (400–1200 mL). SEM analysis revealed a thin plate or needle-like crystal structure. The best composition—20 g dolomite and 1200 mL disodium phosphate—resulted in a product containing 22.13% calcium and 19.57% phosphorus, with an average Ca/P ratio of 1.005, as shown by EDX. Magnesium was not present in the precipitate due to the synthesis pH (4–6), which is below the optimum pH (8–9.5) for magnesium precipitation. BET analysis confirmed a particle size of 96 nm, classifying the material as a nanomaterial. Solubility tests suggest the material functions as a slow-release fertilizer. Given its calcium and phosphorus content and nanoscale structure, this material shows strong potential as a high-quality, multinutrient nanofertilizer that can improve nutrient absorption and support sustainable agriculture.

Optimization of Chlorphenesin Concentration and Solubilizer for Wet Wipes Through Challenge and Accelerated Stability Tests

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The household health equipment industry, particularly wet wipes, is growing rapidly, with a projected CAGR of 2.60%. Key concerns include microbial contamination and high preservative concentrations causing skin irritation. This study aimed to optimize the concentration and type of chlorphenesin solvent used as a preservative to mitigate these issues. The study tested chlorphenesin at concentrations of 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30% with two solvents, propylene glycol and ethanol. Two experimental tests were conducted: the challenge test, which focused on the ability of the preservative system to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis, over 28 days, on the other hand, the accelerated stability test, focused to evaluates the preservative's ability to maintain the physicochemical properties of the product, including visual appearance, aroma, sensory attributes, and pH, over a period of 6 months under extreme conditions (40 oC; 75% RH). This study found that the formulation with 0.30% chlorphenesin, using either propylene glycol or ethanol as a solvent, showed the best reduction against pathogenic microorganisms (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis) on the second day of the challenge test. In the accelerated stability test, the formulation with 0.30% chlorphenesin and propylene glycol received the highest score (9.000) across all parameters (visual, homogeneity, odor, and sensory applications), However, at the same concentration, when ethanol was used as the solvent, the formulation exhibited lower scores in odor and sensory applications. Therefore, the recommended formulation for wet wipes is formula containing 0.30% chlorphenesin with propylene glycol as the solvent.

Petroleum Emulsions-Properties, Applications, and Challenges in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review

Semaa Khaleel — Sat, 09 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Petroleum emulsions are vital in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes where water is injected into the reservoir to recover oil. These emulsions serve the important function of improving the oil recovery rate, but at the same time, they create significant problems with regards to their stability, transport, separation, and processing. A great deal of work has been done on the creation and stabilization of these emulsions, along with moving the needles about their mechanisms understanding. Recent studies have focused on combination of substances that lack synthetic emulsifying polymers to replace them with more eco-friendly options. Beside the natural solids, surfactants emerged as more descriptive ways of stabilizing these emulsions and also more favourable compared to the rest chemical stabilizers. This review analyzes theories of emulsions formation, issues of these emulsions, and latest research works regarding the stabilization of raw water emulsions, as well as the importance of emulsions in the processes of EOR alongside shrinkable surfactants straddling smart advanced nanomaterials for effective emulsion control toward more sustainable EOR stewardship.