Development and Stability Evaluation of an Aromatherapy Roll-On Containing Lily (Lilium auratum) Essential Oil

Abstract

Aromatherapy is a complementary approach that utilizes essential oils for fragrance-based applications and the promotion of well-being. Lily (Lilium auratum) flowers are known to contain essential oils with a distinctive calming aroma, making them a potential active ingredient for aromatherapy formulations. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate aromatherapy roll-on preparations containing lily essential oil at concentrations of 0% (F0), 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3). The study involved several stages, including quality characterization of lily essential oil according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-4267-1996), covering organoleptic properties, specific gravity, refractive index, solubility, and acid value. Chemical constituents were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), followed by formulation and physical stability evaluation of the roll-on preparations over 28 days of storage. The quality assessment demonstrated that all evaluated parameters met the established standards. The essential oil exhibited a clear yellowish appearance, a characteristic floral aroma, a specific gravity of 1.049, a refractive index of 1.531, an ethanol solubility ratio of 1:2, and an acid value of 0.967, indicating good purity and stability. GC–MS analysis identified five major constituents: heneicosane (24.6%), pentadecane (18.5%), heptadecane (9.3%), hexadecane (8.9%), and 8-heptadecene (7.1%), which contribute to the characteristic aroma profile of the essential oil. Physical evaluation showed that all formulations remained stable throughout the storage period, with viscosity values ranging from 2.8 to 4.6 cP and pH values ranging from 6.5 to 7.0. Hedonic testing revealed that increasing concentrations of lily essential oil improved panelists’ preferences regarding aroma, color, and overall appearance, with the highest scores recorded for F3 (aroma: 4.95; color: 4.85; appearance: 4.80). In conclusion, lily essential oil shows considerable potential as a natural ingredient for aromatherapy roll-on formulations due to its satisfactory physicochemical characteristics, formulation stability, and favorable hedonic acceptance.