Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal

The Video-Based Education on Complete Basic Immunization Improves Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Immunization

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Complete basic immunization aims to establish an effective protection system and herd immunity. Factors that influence immunization programs are parents' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes. Efforts to improve parents' understanding can be done through education using easily accessible video media. This study aims to determine the effect of complete basic immunization education based on video on parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunization. This study employs a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-post-test design. Data collection was conducted in April 2024. A total of 361 participants were recruited for this study, with inclusion criteria including parents of children aged up to 1.5 years residing in the service area of the Public Health Center in Yogyakarta City, and who had provided informed consent. The measurement of parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding child immunization was assessed at the pre-test and post-test intervention stages, specifically on day 1 after recruitment and the post-test on day 7 after the educational intervention. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire on parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which had previously undergone validity and reliability testing. Statistical data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The level of respondents' knowledge after receiving the intervention using educational videos showed an increase in the good criteria from 80.1% to 97.2%, attitude good criteria from 83.1% to 97.0%, while practice showed good criteria from 92.8% to 96.7%. The Wilcoxon test results for knowledge and attitude showed positive ranks of 62 and 50 respondents, respectively, who experienced an increase in knowledge with a p-value of 0.000, while for complete basic immunization practices, there was an increase of 3 respondents with a p-value of 0.083. There was a significant effect of education through videos about complete basic immunization on parents' knowledge and attitudes with a p-value of 0.000, but there was no significant effect on practice.

A Review of Ethnopharmacological Practices Among Two Indigenous Communities In Sumatra: The Anak Dalam And Mentawai Tribes

Fadhil Mubarak Anasri, Suryati Syafri — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity and high culture, including traditional knowledge such as the use of medicinal plants. This study examines ethnopharmacological practices in two indigenous communities on the island of Sumatra: the Anak Dalam tribe in Jambi and the Mentawai tribe in West Sumatra. The study reviewed several articles on medicinal plants on Google Scholar related to the plant species used, plant parts utilized, processing methods, and indications for their use in traditional medicine. The review results show that both tribes utilize various plants to treat ailments such as fever, diarrhea, coughs, wounds, digestive disorders, and infections. Some of these are supported by scientific evidence regarding their pharmacological activities, such as Zingiber officinale, Psidium guajava, Curcuma longa, and Eurycoma longifolia. The results of this review confirm that the traditional knowledge of both communities has excellent potential for development in pharmacy and conventional medicine. Documentation and scientific study of medicinal plants are crucial for cultural preservation and the development of traditional medicine.

Optimization of Dispersible Diclofenac Potassium Tablet Formula with a Combination of Explotab and Avicel PH-101

Dhadhang Kurniawan, Nauli Marsha Andiani, Vitis Vini Fera Ratna Utami — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently employed as an analgesic therapy for inflammatory conditions and pain associated with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. It is formulated as a dispersible tablet, requiring dispersion in solution prior to administration to expedite onset and facilitate use, particularly for patients with difficulty swallowing intact tablets. This study aims to investigate the effects of the optimal combination and proportion of Explotab and Avicel pH-101 in the formulation of diclofenac potassium dispersible tablets using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with two factors. The tablet formulations, based on the SLD method with Explotab (A) and Avicel pH-101 (B) as excipients, are as follows: FI (100% A), FII (75% A:25% B), FIII (50% A:50% B), FIV (25% A:75% B), and FV (100% B). The tablets were prepared via direct compression and subsequently evaluated for their physical properties, including hardness, friability, size uniformity, weight uniformity, disintegration time, dispersion time, wetting time, and content determination. The study's findings indicated that the combination of Explotab and Avicel pH-101 affected the physical properties of the tablets, notably decreasing weight uniformity, enhancing tablet hardness, reducing friability, and prolonging both disintegration and dispersion times of the diclofenac potassium dispersible tablets. The optimal formula was identified as comprising 40% Explotab and 60% Avicel pH-101. This optimal formulation was determined based on the highest total response value calculated using the Simplex Lattice Design with two factors

The Effect of Turmeric Simplicia’s (Curcuma longa L.) Washing Treatment on Total Ash, Total Plate Count, Yeast and Mold Count and Curcumin Level

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the traditional plants of Indonesia that has antibacterial activity, helps reduce fever, osteoarthritis, and digestive disorders. The washing process of simplicia is one of the sorting processes in post-harvest handling. This study aims to obtain the best washing method for simplicia with several washing treatments against the total ash content, Total Plate Count (TPC), Yeast and Mold Count (YMC), and curcumin content in turmeric simplicia and turmeric extracts. The study was conducted experimentally with 6 variations of simplicia washing treatments, namely without washing, washing with running water, washing with water at 50°C, washing with 0.2% NaOH, washing with 0.05% HCl, and washing with 2.0% acetic acid. The results showed that washing with 2.0% acetic acid produced the lowest total ash content of the extract at 1.87%. Washing with 50°C water provided the lowest TPC value test data of 6.7 CFU/g, washing with 50ºC water provided the highest curcumin content test data of 9.38%. Based on several parameters of the test results, the washing process chosen was washing the simplicia using 50ºC water which showed high curcumin levels, TPC and YMC values that met the requirements, as well as the ease and safety of the washing method.

The Effect of Titanium Dioxide and Porang Starch (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Combination on the SPF Value and Physical Properties of Sunscreen Lotion Formulation

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000