The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Oxygen Saturation Levels by Pulse Oximetry in COVID-19 Inpatient at RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul in 2020 – 2022

Abstract

The number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patiens who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) comorbidities in Yogyakarta Province is quite high (37.3%). Diabetes Mellitus comorbidities are thought to increase the severity of symptoms that appear in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes mellitus impairs the phagocytic ability of neutrophil white blood cells, chemotaxis, and the destruction of microorganisms within the cells. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus exhibit lower oxygen saturation levels. This study aims to the relationship between DM and oxygen saturation levels in COVID-19 inpatients at RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. This research is a case control study with secondary data. The total number of respondents in this study was 144 samples consisting of COVID-19 patients with DM (n=72) and COVID-19 patients without DM (n=72). Univariate analysis with 72 case groups (DM groups) showed that the majority of the samples were male (51.4%). The age range of the case group (DM groups) was mainly in the age range of 50-59 years (51.45%) with the most frequent symptoms being fever, headache, and myalgia (45.8%). Desaturation occurred in most of the case groups (DM groups) (63.9%). Bivariate analysis using the chisquare test showed that there was a significant relationship between DM and oxygen saturation levels in COVID-19 inpatients. COVID-19 patients with DM are four times more at risk of desaturation than non-DM patients (p value = 0.000; OR = 4.021). More desaturation events at RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul were experienced by men, aged 50-59 years, and experiencing symptoms of fever.