Biodegradable Plastic With Various Variants Of Banana Peel

Abstract

Banana peel is organic waste that has not been used properly. In this study, banana peel pectin yield is used as the main ingredient in making biodegradable plastics. The banana peels used are kepok banana peel and plantain peel. The method used in determining pectin yield is extraction. This experiment used sorbitol as a plasticizer and chitosan as an additive. This study was conducted to study the effect of temperature on pectin yield from banana peel variants by extraction method and analyze physical characteristics such as tensile strength, break elongation, and water absorption of the biodegradable plastic produced. The methods used are pectin extraction and bioplastic manufacturing. The results of the analysis obtained pectin yield at a temperature variation of 70ºC; 80ºC; 90ºC in kepok and king banana peels were 1.77% and 4.60%, 3.97% and 6.91%, respectively, and 4.40% and 8.10%. Based on the yield of pectin, it is known that the higher the temperature used during extraction, the more pectin yield produced. The optimum thickness obtained bioplastic plantain peel with plasticizer 0.0031 cm and the minimum thickness obtained non-plasticizer plantain peel 0.0025 cm. The tensile strength of kepok banana peel bioplastic with plasticizer, which is 3.732-5.318 Mpa, non-plasticizer kepok banana peel bioplastic, which is 0.270-0.638 Mpa, in plantain peel bioplastic with plasticizer, which is 1.946-2.934 Mpa, in sorbitol non-plasticizer plantain peel, which is 0.170-1.263 Mpa. Bioplastic elongation test on kepok banana peel was obtained 2.616-3.360%, plantain peel bioplastic, which is 3.46-7.30%, on non-plasticizer bioplastic kepok banana peel, which is 0.152-0.424%, and on plantain peel which is 0.096-0.728%. The water resistance of kepok banana peel and plantain peel with the addition of plasticizers is 61.41% and 58.62%, while non-plasticizer bioplastics have water resistance values of 84.13% and 85.82%. In conclusion, biodegradable plastics in this study are not in accordance with standards.