Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Melastoma Malabathricum (Keduruk) for Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Promote Wound Healing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/chemica.v12i3.470Keywords:
Melastoma malabathricum, Bioactive compounds, Antibacterial, Wound healing, Topical formulationAbstract
Melastoma malabathricum (keduruk) is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Southeast Asia for wound healing. However, studies on its bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity remain limited. This study aimed to isolate and identify antibacterial compounds from M. malabathricum leaves and evaluate their potential for topical wound-healing applications. Fresh leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol via maceration, followed by liquid–liquid partitioning and chromatographic purification. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity and was subjected to further isolation and characterization using ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and HR-TOF-MS, revealing flavonoid derivatives as the major constituents. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. At 10,000 µg/mL, the ethanol extract produced inhibition zones of 15.6 ± 0.6 mm against S. aureus and 12.1 ± 0.5 mm against P. aeruginosa. The isolated flavonoid compound showed stronger inhibition—19.2 ± 0.6 mm and 16.7 ± 0.5 mm, respectively—comparable to gentamicin (22.8 ± 0.7 mm and 21.5 ± 0.6 mm). The antibacterial effect was more pronounced against Gram-positive bacteria, likely due to structural differences in the cell wall. Overall, M. malabathricum leaves, particularly the ethyl acetate fraction and its flavonoid constituents, demonstrate strong antibacterial potential and could serve as natural candidates for developing topical formulations to support wound healing.
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