Authorship Criteria

Universitas Ahmad Dahlan strictly upholds the standards established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding authorship and contributorship. Authorship confers academic credit and implies substantial responsibility for the integrity of the published work.

1. Authorship Eligibility:
To qualify as an author, every individual listed must satisfy all four (4) core criteria recommended by COPE and ICMJE:
a) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the research work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of empirical data; AND
b) Drafting the work or critically revising it for significant intellectual and conceptual content; AND
c) Final approval of the definitive version to be published; AND
d) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the research are appropriately investigated and resolved.

2. Non-Author Contributors (Acknowledgments):
Individuals who contributed to the research project (e.g., providing technical assistance, language proofreading, laboratory space, or general department supervision) but do not meet all four authorship criteria must not be listed as co-authors. Instead, they should be acknowledged with their permission in the 'Acknowledgments' section.

3. Unacceptable Authorship Practices:
The journal strictly prohibits ghost authorship (omitting qualified contributors), guest/gift authorship (awarding authorship to individuals who did not contribute), and honorary authorship.

4. Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI):
In accordance with COPE position statements and Permendiktisaintek No. 9/2026, generative AI tools (such as ChatGPT, LLMs) do not meet authorship requirements and cannot be listed as an author or co-author. Any utilization of AI for drafting, data processing, or language improvement must be transparently disclosed in the methodology or acknowledgments.